Estimating the rate of overdiagnosis with prostate cancer screening: evidence from the Finnish component of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

Cancer Causes & Control - Screening for prostate cancer may have limited impact on decreasing prostate cancer-related mortality. A major disadvantage is overdiagnosis, whereby lesions are...     

食管胃结合部腺癌中HSP105b的表达与腹腔热灌注化疗疗效的关系

目的 探讨热休克蛋白（HSP）105b在进展期食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）组织中的表达情况及与临床病理特征和腹腔热灌注化疗疗效的关系。方法 将安阳市肿瘤医院收治的行开腹根治性R0切除+D2淋巴结清除术的166例进展期AEG患者随机分为治疗组（预防性术后紫杉醇腹腔热灌注化疗）和对照组（常规处理）。免疫组织化学法检测术后癌组织中HSP105b的表达水平,分析其表达水平与临床病理特征及腹腔热灌注化疗疗效的关系。结果 HSP105b的表达水平仅与肿瘤静脉浸润相关（t=4.002, P=0.045）。HSP105b高表达者3年无瘤生存率明显低于低表达者（56.5% vs. 64.8%, χ ²=35.508, P<0.001）,而且治疗组中HSP105b高表达患者3年无瘤生存率明显低于低表达患者（60.7% vs. 71.5%, χ ²=77.459, P<0.001）。结论 HSP105b是食管胃交界部腺癌的预后不良指标,其表达水平可以预测腹腔热灌注化疗的疗效。     

Modified FOLFOXIRI With or Without Cetuximab as Conversion Therapy in Patients with RAS/BRAF Wild‐Type Unresectable Liver Metastases Colorectal Cancer: The FOCULM Multicenter Phase II Trial

PurposeThis trial evaluated the addition of cetuximab to a modified FOLFOXIRI (mFOLFOXIRI: 5‐fluorouracil/folinic acid, oxaliplatin, irinotecan) as conversion therapy in a two‐group, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial in patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver‐limited metastases (CLM) and BRAF/RAS wild‐type.Patients and MethodsPatients were enrolled to receive cetuximab (500 mg/m²) plus mFOLFOXIRI (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m², irinotecan 165 mg/m², folinic acid 400 mg/m², 5‐fluorouracil 2,800 mg/m² 46‐hour infusion, every 2 weeks) (the cetuximab group) or the same regimen of mFOLFOXIRI alone (the control group), in a 2:1 ratio allocation. The primary endpoint was the rate of no evidence of disease (NED) achieved. Secondary endpoints included resection rate, objective response rate (ORR), survival, and safety.ResultsBetween February 2014 and July 2019, 117 patients were registered for screening at six centers in China, and 101 of these were enrolled (67 cetuximab group, 34 control group). The rate of NED achieved was 70.1% in the cetuximab group and 41.2% in the control group (difference 29.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1%–48.8%; p = .005). Patients in the cetuximab group had improved ORR (95.5% vs. 76.5%; difference 19.1%; 95% CI, 17.4%–36.4%; p = .010) compared with those in control group. Progression‐free survival and overall survival showed the trend to favor the cetuximab group. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events was similar in the two groups.ConclusionAddition of cetuximab to mFOLFOXIRI improved the rate of NED achieved. This combination could be an option of conversion regimen for molecularly selected patients with initially technically unresectable CLM.Implications for PracticeThis trial evaluated the addition of cetuximab to a modified FOLFOXIRI as conversion therapy in a phase II trial in patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver‐limited metastases and BRAF/RAS wild‐type. The rate of no evidence of disease achieved was 70.1% in the cetuximab plus modified FOLFOXIRI group and 41.2% in the modified FOLFOXIRI group. Objective response rates, overall survival, and progression‐free survival were improved in the cetuximab group when compared with the modified FOLFOXIRI group. Addition of cetuximab to modified FOLFOXIRI increased the rate of no evidence of disease achieved, and this combination could be an option of conversion regimen for molecularly selected patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver‐limited metastasis.     

Colon carcinoma treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in a 12-year-old child

Background

XELOX (oxaliplatin 130mg/m² iv, capecitabine 1000mg/m² bid oral d1–14, q3w) chemotherapy has never been used in children. In this report, we present a case of a 12-year-old girl with colon adenocarcinoma, treated with surgery and XELOX chemotherapy.

Methods

On admission, the girl complained of abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with tenderness on the left upper quadrant. Barium enema revealed a stenotic lesion at the distal end of the transverse colon, and abdominal computed tomography showed acute obstruction and a colonic mass. Laparotomy was performed after the failure of conservative treatment.

Results

The mass was originated from the transverse colon. Frozen sections of the specimens revealed an adenocarcinoma. Transverse colectomy was performed and regional lymph nodes were removed. Pathological examination confirmed that the mass was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and XELOX chemotherapy was used. No evidence of recurrent or metastatic tumor was found after 18 months.

Conclusion

Although complete resection is the most effective treatment, XELOX chemotherapy is beneficial to the improvement of clinical outcome of patients with colon adenocarcinoma.     

有机酸血（尿）症及其临床处理

有机酸血（尿）症是临床最常见的一类遗传代谢病,目前已经发现约50余种,多数在新生儿期或婴幼儿期发病.临床上多表现为顽固性代谢性酸中毒、发作性呕吐、喂养困难、肌张力低下、惊厥和意识障碍等.由于本类疾病临床没有特异性,若不能早期诊断和治疗,易出现猝死或不可逆转的神经系统损伤.利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术和（或）串联质谱技术对疑似有机酸血（尿）症患儿进行早期生化诊断是改善患儿预后和挽救患儿生命的关键.     

人血清与中性粒细胞中乳铁蛋白含量与中性粒细胞吞噬功能的关系

用ＥＬＩＳＡ测定了人血清及中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）中乳铁蛋白（ＬＦ）含量，并与ＰＭＮ的吞噬功能比较，证实血清中ＬＦ水平与ＰＭＮ吞噬功能不相关，ＰＭＮ中ＬＦ含量与其吞噬、杀菌功能有密切的正相关关系。     

Genetic Study of an Indian Family with Cherubism

Cherubism (OMIM : 118400) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting mainly facial bones leading to disfigurement of face needing medical and surgical attention besides impairing the self esteem of person. At present, there is no medical cure and there is limited indication for surgery in such cases. So, correct diagnosis is of paramount importance to both treating physician and family. Here, the authors report a family with two affected members (mother and daughter) who were tested positive for a known pathogenic mutation and thus offered timely treatment and adequate genetic counseling.     

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in 59 children: the value of MRI in assessment of pituitary functions

Pituitary imaging abnormality is a specific indicator of hypopituitarism. This study involved a retrospective review of 59 children diagnosed with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS). Of the 59 eligible patients, 54 were born by breech delivery, and there was a significant difference between numbers of patients with breech and head-presenting birth. In order to discuss the relationship between pituitary functions and delineation of pituitary structure in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a control analysis was carried out in children with PSIS. Fifty-nine children were subdivided into two groups: group I (partial PSIS, 20 cases) and group II (complete PSIS, 39 cases). There was a significantly small anterior pituitary in both groups of PSIS compared with controls (P?<?0.001). The incidence of ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP) was significantly higher in group II (P?<?0.001). Before and after hormone replacement therapy, pituitary functions were measured and compared with controls. The levels of growth hormone (GH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (COR) were significantly lower in group II (P?<?0.05). The dosage of levothyroxine sodium in group II was significantly higher than in group I (P?<?0.01). Conclusion. On the basis of birth history, breech presentation may a forewarning for subsequent pituitary hormone deficiencies. Grades of MRI can predict occurrence and severity of PSIS, which are also correlated with the levels of the pituitary target hormone deficiencies. Interruption of pituitary stalk and ectopic posterior pituitary both represent important markers of pituitary structure and function.